Knowledge of Brazilian Dentists about Dentoalveolar Trauma Care and their Experiences during the COVID-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess dentists' knowledge from Minas Gerais, Brazil, about dentoalveolar trauma (DT) and their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: An online questionnaire with 34 questions was applied to collect personal data, professional training, self-assessment of experience/knowledge about DT, experience in care provided during the social distancing, and knowledge/conduct. The specific responses were evaluated based on the guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT). Descriptive analysis and Pearson's chi-square test were performed. The level of significance was set at p≤0.05. Results: Most professionals (97.7%) had received information on DT, and only 4.6% of the participants considered their knowledge poor or very poor. However, 92.7% felt the need for more information on the subject. Regarding experiences during the pandemic, 55.7% provided trauma care during that period. Forty percent of the consultations were performed in person, and 33.3% of the professionals noted an increase in cases during the pandemic; 56.6% reported that the frequency did not change. The overall mean number of correct answers about DT was 5.29±2.11, indicating an acceptable level of knowledge. The mean percentage of hits for the specific questions was 44.1%. Conclusion: Although the level of knowledge of the dentists evaluated was acceptable, some aspects were deficient, with the need for more information about the IADT guidelines.

Trauma dental y lesiones faciales por armas de aire comprimido: reporte de un caso / Dental trauma and facial injuries by airguns: a case report

Las armas de aire comprimido son utilizadas desde hace muchos años con distintos usos que van desde el tiro recreativo hasta el control de plagas. Las más comunes son aquellas que disparan ''balines" o esferas metálicas que pueden llegar a tener capacidad de penetrar tejidos dependiendo del tipo de carga y de la longitud del cañón. Se presenta un caso clínico de un masculino que fue agredido con un arma tipo pistola con carga de CO2 que recibió un impacto a nivel facial y sufrió laceración en piel de labio y fractura dental complicada.

Air guns have been used for many years for a variety of purposes ranging from recreational shooting to pest control. The most common are those that shoot "pellets" or metallic spheres that can penetrate tissues depending on the type of load and the length of the barrel. A clinical case is presented of a male who was assaulted with a CO2-loaded pistol-type weapon, hit at facial level, and suffered laceration of the lip's skin and complicated dental fracture.

Shame from Smiling and Speaking Due to Oral Health Problems in Brazilian Adolescents: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between oral health problems and being ashamed of smiling or speaking among Brazilian adolescents. Material and Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study carried out with secondary data from 7,328 12-year-old Brazilian adolescents from the latest Brazilian national oral health survey (SB Brasil 2010). The question "In the previous 6 months, have you been ashamed of smiling or speaking due to your teeth?" was the outcome variable. Calibrated examiners performed clinical examinations on adolescents for the diagnosis of dental caries (DMF-T), dental trauma, dental fluorosis and occlusal alterations. Data were analyzed descriptively and by Poisson unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression analysis (p<0.05). The final model was controlled by family income. Results: The prevalence of being ashamed of smiling or speaking was 13.6%. The following variables were associated with the outcome: female sex (PR= 1.33; 95% CI: 1.17-1.53), cavitated dental caries on upper incisors (PR= 1.81; 95% CI: 1.51-2.15), dental trauma (PR= 1.36; 95% CI:1.16-1.60), increased maxillary overjet (PR= 1.36; 95% CI:1.18-1.57), dental crowding (PR= 1.60; 95% CI:1.40-1.83), midline diastema (PR= 1.30; 95% CI:1.11-1.44), tooth loss (PR= 1.45; 95% CI:1.16-1.80), mild/questionable dental fluorosis (PR= 1.23; 95% CI:1.06-1.44) and moderate/severe dental fluorosis (PR= 1.67; 95% CI:1.15-2.44). Conclusion: Oral health problems that impact dental aesthetics were predisposing factors for being ashamed of smiling or speaking in Brazilian adolescents (AU).

Traumatic Dental Injuries Occurred in Primary Teeth and their Sequel Effects on the Developmental Permanent Successors: A Controlled Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the types of traumatic dental injuries of the primary teeth (TDI-p) and the long-term sequelae on permanent dentition (LSP) comparing with a control group (CG). In addition, a questionnaire that measures parents' knowledge and awareness was used. Material and Methods: The trauma group (TG) consisted of permanent teeth following TDI-p exposed teeth, while the CG consisted of permanent teeth following unexposed teeth with TDI-p of the same patients. In total, 141 teeth were evaluated in 27 patients. Data concerning such as teeth, when TDI-p occurred, types of treatments and types of LSP were collected. Chi-square test was used for intergroup comparison for gender, type of trauma, LSP, age of trauma and parameters in the parental information questionnaire. Significance level was p<0.05. Results: A statistically significant difference was found in the analysis between TG and CG (p<0.001). The prevalence of LSP due to TDI-p was 29.6% and the prevalence of sequelae in CG was 7.4%. The most common LSP was enamel hypoplasia (14.8%). Parents were aware of the importance of TDI-p, and they had insufficient knowledge about its management. Conclusion: TDI-p can be considered a high-risk factor in the development of LSP. Also, the lack of knowledge in parents should be supported by software-based application systems to be developed.

Nivel de aprendizaje sobre traumatismos dentoalveolares en estudiantes del último año de la carrera de odontología / Level of learning on dentoalveolar trauma in students at the final year of the dentistry career

En la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, en la asignatura Clínica Integral para Niños y Adolescentes, los estudiantes del último año de la Carrera de Odontología realizan procedimientos clínicos y prácticos indispensables en la atención inicial de las urgencias en niños y adolescentes, restituyendo la integridad coronaria en lesiones producidas por traumatismos en piezas primarias y permanentes. Estudios publicados sobre la temática refieren que la mayoría de los estudiantes de pregrado no están lo suficientemente calificados, o tienen un conocimiento insuficiente para manejar situaciones de urgencias en traumatología dental. Sin embargo, se ha demostrado que existe un impacto positivo entre los estudiantes luego de recibir una clase teórica. El objetivo es determinar el nivel de conocimientos de los estudiantes de odontología del último año de la carrera en el manejo de los traumatismos dentoalveolares en niños y adolescentes, antes y después de recibir las clases teóricas (modalidad online) sobre esta temática (AU)

Knowledge of Avulsion of Permanent Teeth Emergency Management Among Undergraduate in Brazilian Health Care Students

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the knowledge of undergraduate health care students, about avulsion of permanent teeth. Material and Methods: It is a cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of Brazilian undergraduate students of the nursing, medicine, and dentistry degree programs. A structured questionnaire developed by the researchers, containing 18 objective questions about avulsion of permanent teeth was used as the data collection. Data analysis included Pearson's Chi-square and Fisher's Exact. Results: A total of 82.7% dental students, 22.9% nursing students, and 23% medical students had previously received some information about dental trauma. Students in the second half of the dentistry program had a higher percentage of correct answers in all questions (p<0.05). Being in the first or second half of the nursing program had no relation to the percentage of correct answers by students for any questions (p>0.05). Students in the first half of the medical program had a higher percentage of correct answers for six of these questions (p<0.05). Dentistry students had the highest percentage of correct answers in all the questions (p<0.001). Conclusion: Although students from the dentistry degree program report having information on avulsion of permanent teeth, their practical experience was considered low. Upon comparing students from the dentistry, nursing, and medical degree programs regarding their learning about avulsion of permanent teeth, dentistry students had greater knowledge on the subject.

Awareness and Preferred Mode of Getting Information on First Aid Management of Avulsed Permanent Teeth: Survey of Nigerian Mothers

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the awareness and sources of information on first aid management of avulsed permanent teeth in a group of South-western Nigerian mothers. Material and Methods: An 18-item interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to survey 385 mothers attending the antenatal and immunization clinics on their perception towards dental avulsion, its management, sources, and preferred mode of receiving information on first aid. The effect of all significant factors was inferred at p<0.05. Results: Mothers who had previous information on the first aid management of dental avulsion had significantly higher knowledge (p=0.000). Majority (80.8%) of the mothers did not know that an avulsed permanent tooth could be replanted, though mothers whose children had not experienced dental trauma had significantly higher knowledge (p=0.003). The knowledge of first aid management of avulsed permanent tooth was low, regardless of age, education and employment status of the respondents. Conclusion: There was low knowledge among mothers regarding the first aid measures in the management of avulsed permanent teeth. Their main preference for receiving information was through social media and television. There is a need to increase oral health educational campaigns targeted towards mothers.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Dental Trauma in Six-Year-Old School-Children

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence and associated factors of dental trauma in 6-year-old school children in the city of Palhoça, Brazil. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study nested in a cohort study. It involved a representative sample of school children born in 2009, residing in the municipality and regularly enrolled in public and private schools (n = 1,102). Clinical data were obtained through oral exams. To evaluate the incisal overjet, the distance in millimeters was measured horizontally from the labial surface of the lower central incisor to the labial surface of the upper incisor. Bivariate analyses were performed using the Chi-square test, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Multivariate analyses using Poisson Regression were performed to identify independent associations between the prevalence and the independent variables studied. Results: Prevalence of dental trauma was 4.2% (95% CI 3.0-5.4). Dental trauma was statistically associated with studying in a private school (PR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.06) (p=0.016) and with inadequate lip coverage (PR = 1.08; 95% CI 1.01-1.14) (p=0.016). Conclusion: The prevalence of 4.2% of dental trauma in six-year-old children, associated with inadequate and greater lip coverage in children from private schools should be taken into account, since most teeth at this stage are newly erupted.

Lesiones dentales asociadas a enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico en pediatría / Dental Injuries Associated with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Pediatrics

Acta Pediátrica Hondureña, Vol. 11 No.2/ Octubre 2020 a Marzo 2021 1186 El reflujo gastroesofágico (RGE) es el paso fisio- lógico del contenido gástrico hacia el esófago, presente en condiciones normales a cualquier edad y es uno de los problemas gastrointestinales más comunes en niños. El estado nutricional es adecuado y muchas veces por arriba de los per- centiles de peso y talla y es un niño "vomitador feliz". En cambio, la enfermedad por reflujo gas- troesofágico (ERGE) está asociada con síntomas molestos respiratorios, digestivos, trastornos durante el sueño, lesiones dentales las que en un gran número de casos pasan desapercibidas y son notadas hasta que han causado un daño signifi- cativo y pueden ir desde prurito, ardor de muco- sa, aumento de la sensibilidad dental y lingual, sabor amargo, erosiones hasta caries dental, estas cumplen un importante papel en la edad pediá- trica, sobre todo cuando el niño presenta trastor- nos en las funciones neurosensoriales, motoras, como daño neurológico secundario a encefalo- patía hipóxico isquémica, defectos del tubo neu- ral, atresia esofágica y enfermedades degene- rativas. Dentro de las complicaciones de ERGE cabe resaltar neumonía por broncoaspiración, otitis, faringoamigdalitis, crup y compromiso en el estado nutricional. La ERGE tiene gran impor- tancia médica y social debido al incremento en su incidencia y a los síntomas duraderos ya que reducen la calidad de vida. La habilidad de poder distinguir entre las mani- festaciones clínicas de RGE y ERGE en los dife- rentes grupos etarios nos permite identificar que pacientes deben ser extensamente evaluados y manejados con tratamiento conservador o si es- tos requieren ser derivados al odontólogo pedia- tra. Debido a que existe desconocimiento acerca de las lesiones dentales que se producen en la ERGE decidimos hacer la presente revisión ya que es muy importante que el personal de salud: estudiantes, médicos y odontólogos sean capaces de identificar, diagnosticar e implementar reco- mendaciones apropiadas, dar tratamiento espe- cífico tanto desde el punto de vista médico como dental dadas las repercusiones que esta conlleva y así derivar oportunamente...(AU)

Correlação de Ansiedade com a Presença de Lesões Cervicais Dentárias não Cariosas / Association between anxiety and the presence of non-carious dental cervical lesions

Objetivo: este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a associação entre ansiedade, hábitos alimentares, parafuncionais, condições sistêmicas, hábitos de higiene oral em associação com a ansiedade de pacientes com lesões cervicais dentárias não cariosas (LCNCs) em uma população. Material e Métodos: por meio de um estudo quantitativo, observacional, 100 pacientes, obtidos por cálculo do tamanho da amostra, com presença de LCNCs, foram avaliados por exame clínico e cálculo amostral; entre 20 e 58 anos, com idade média de 37 anos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário elaborado por um pesquisador previamente calibrado, referente à avaliação médica, odontológica, de histórico social e de ansiedade. Após a obtenção dos dados, eles foram tabulados e submetidos à análise estatística pelo teste binomial exato de Fisher de duas proporções, adotando um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: o consumo de bebida gaseificada (81,6%), frutas cítricas (76,3%), frequência de escovação dentária igual ou superior a três vezes ao dia (100%) e abrasividade do creme dental (100%) foram significativamente associados à presença de NCCL (p = 0,0001). Doença do refluxo gastrointestinal, xerostomia, bulimia e anorexia demonstraram associação negativa com o NCCL (p=1,000). A ansiedade não mostrou relação direta com a NCCL na população estudada (36,8%). Conclusão: assim, pode-se concluir que não houve associação direta entre a presença de lesões cervicais não cariosas e a ansiedade

Objective: This study evaluated the association between parafunctional anxiety, eating habits, systemic conditions and assessment of oral hygiene habits with dental non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL). Material and Methods: this quantitative, observational study included 100 patients between 20 and 58 years old (mean of 37 years) with NCCL evaluated by clinical examination and sample calculation. The data were collected with use of a questionnaire made by a previously calibrated researcher, which referred to medical, dental, social history and anxiety assessments. After obtaining the data they were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using Fisher's exact two-proportion binomial test, adopting a 5% significance level. Results: consumption of carbonated drinks (81.6%), citrus fruits (76.3%), tooth brushing frequency equal or higher than three times a day (100%) and abrasiveness of toothpaste (100%) were significantly associated with presence of NCCL (p=0.0001). Gastrointestinal reflux, xerostomia, bulimia and anorexia showed negative association with NCCL (p=1.000). Anxiety was not directly associated with NCCL in the study population (36.8%). Conclusion: there was no direct association between the presence of non-carious cervical lesions and anxiety

Trauma in Primary Teeth at a Specialized Service Center: Retrospective Cohort

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the factors associated with the occurrence of dental trauma in children up to six years of age and describe the results of clinical follow-up and possible sequelae. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out with data collected from the dental records of 96 pediatric patients up to 6 years old with traumatized primary teeth who sought care from the. Pediatric Dental Trauma project of a private university in the city of Rio de Janeiro from July 2014 to July 2017, and who had clinical and radiographic follow-up for up to three months as of their initial visit. Results: 96 children (58.3% boys and 41.7% girls) included who presented 166 traumatized primary teeth. Intrusion was the most observed type of trauma and in 45.8% of cases, the care occurred one-week post trauma. The maxillary central incisors were the most affected teeth (97.6%). The prognosis of the dental elements with more than 3 months of follow-up was considered favorable, and 59.6% of the teeth did not present any clinical or radiological sequelae. Oral hygiene instruction and monitoring were the most common approaches. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental trauma in the present study was high and occurred mainly in domestic settings. The upper central incisors were the teeth that suffered the most injuries. The presence of patients at follow-up visits was an important factor for the positive result in most cases.

Risk Factors for Different Types of Traumatic Injuries in Primary Teeth

Abstract Objective: To evaluate traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in primary teeth and the association of gender and age with different injuries. Material and Methods: Records of patients with TDI in primary teeth were included. The following parameters were registered: gender and age, place of trauma, cause of trauma, affected tissue and tooth, number of injured teeth, type of injury, and gingival and bone damage. A logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the interaction between gender and age on the occurrence of types of injuries (p≤0.05). Results: The total of 721 records were evaluated and 370 records were included, being 61.6% boys and 60.5% children aged 0-3 years old, with 658 primary teeth affected. The support tissue was most affected (496/658), followed by dental tissue (139/658). Enamel/dentine fracture with pulp exposure (n=51) and intrusion (n=131) were the most common injuries of dental and support tissues, respectively. In general, boys suffered more traumas than girls, regardless of the age range. As for concussion, logistic regression confirms that gender and age are also influencers. Girls (OR=1.822, CI = 1.050-3.164, p=0.033) in the 4-6 year age group (OR=2.15, CI = 1.239-3.747, p=0.007) are more likely to have concussions. Children age 4-6 years were less likely to suffer an intrusion (OR=0.496; CI = 0.278-0.886; p=0.018). Conclusion: Gender and age influence concussion and intrusion in the primary teeth.

Hidden Behind Dental Trauma: Child Physical Abuse?

Child abuse, particularly physical abuse, is a massive and daily problem. The largest compiled data on violence against children, which was published by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), suggest that around 6 in 10 children between the ages of 2 and 14 worldwide (almost a billion) are subjected to physical punishment by their caregivers on a regular basis [1].

Retrospective Study of Traumatic Dental Injuries of Patients Treated at a Dental Trauma Clinic in Santiago, Chile / Estudio retrospectivo de Casos Atendidos en Clínica de Traumatología Dentoalveolar en Santiago, Chile

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to carry out a retrospective study of cases seen at the Child and Adult Dental Traumatology Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago. A retrospective study was carried out analysing the records of patients seen at the Dental Traumatology Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile from January 2012 to March 2017. The inclusion criteria was that patient complaint was due to dental trauma. Data were tabulated indicating age and sex of the patient, cause, day, and tooth involved and the initial diagnosis of the dental trauma. Chi-square, Shapiro Wilk normality test and Mann-Whitney test were used for frequency analyses. A total of 117 dental records were analysed, 90 of these met the inclusion criteria. The age range of the sample was 5 to 60 years, and the average age was 14.3 years. Most injuries occurred in patients during the first and second decades of their life. Of the patients, 59.3 % were men and 40.7 % were women. The most frequent dental traumas were complicated and uncomplicated crown fractures, followed by root fractures. In the majority of the cases analysed, only one tooth was affected, and the tooth most frequently traumatized was the right upper central incisor, followed by the left upper central incisor. The most frequent dental trauma of the cases treated at the Child and Adult Dental Traumatology Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, between 2012 and 2017 were crown fractures.

RESUMEN: El objetivo fue realizar un estudio retrospectivo de los casos que acuden a la clínica de Traumatología Dentoalveolar (TDA) Pediátrica y del Adulto de la Clínica de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo analizando las fichas de pacientes atendidos en la Clínica de TDA de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile desde enero 2012 hasta marzo 2017. El criterio de inclusión fue motivo de consulta por traumatismo dentoalveolar inmediato. Se tabularon datos consignando sexo y edad del paciente, causa, día, diente involucrado y diagnóstico inicial del TDA. Para los análisis de frecuencia se utilizó Chi-cuadrado, el test de normalidad de Shapiro Wilk y test de Mann-Whitney. Se analizaron un total de 117 fichas, donde 90 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. El rango de edad de la muestra fue de 5 a 60 años, con un promedio de 14,3 años. Siendo la primera y la segunda década de vida donde ocurren con mayor frecuencia los traumatismos. El 59,3 % eran hombres y 40,7 % mujeres. El TDA más frecuente fueron las fracturas coronarias complicadas y no complicadas, seguido por fracturas radiculares. En la mayoría de los casos analizados sólo un diente se encontraba afectado. El diente más frecuentemente traumatizado fue el incisivo central superior derecho, seguido por el izquierdo. Las causas más frecuentes de traumatismo fueron por caída y golpe. De los casos atendidos en la clínica de TDA de la Universidad de Chile entre 2012 y 2017 el traumatismo más frecuente es la fractura coronaria.

CBCT or not CBCT: That is the Question

Root fractures comprise approximately 0.5­7% of all traumatic injuries to the permanent dentition and frequently are diagnosed after trauma to the face and mouth. Horizontal fractures are most frequent in the middle third of the root and rare in the apical third, it occurs more often in the maxillary central incisors of male patients. According to Andreasen, the healing process of horizontal root fractures depends on several variables, such as the age of the patient, the mobility of the coronal fragment, the location of the root fracture and the stage of root formation.

Are non-carious cervical lesions more frequent in sleep bruxism patients? / Lesões cervicais não cariosas são mais frequentes em pacientes com bruxismo do sono?

Objective: to verify the frequency in non-carious lesions in patients with and without sleep bruxism and to try to list the occurrence of such lesions in patients with this parafunctional habit. Material and Methods: 67 patients ranging from 18 to 70 years of age, which all signed a free and consent form were evaluated. Patients with neurological diseases and/or partially or totally edentulous were excluded from the study. Bruxism diagnosis was performed using a validated questionnaire based on the combination of at least two positive confirmations of bruxism. Diagnosis of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) was performed by a single calibrated examiner, using #5 clinical probe, intraoral mirror and air flow, analyzing all surfaces of the teeth present in the mouth. The lesions were classified as abfraction, abrasion or erosion. Statistical analysis was performed by U MannWhitney test, at 5% level of significance. Results: sixty patients were diagnosed with bruxism (91.3%) and only seven patients (8.7%) did not present this parafuctional habit. Regardless the gender, five patients (10.1%) presented absence of lesions and 62 patients (89.9%) presented some NCCL. 70% presented abfraction, 41% abrasion and no patient presented erosion. Statistical analysis showed a p-value of 0.03, which demonstrated significant statistical difference of NCCL between the groups. Conclusion: a higher frequency of NCCL in patients with bruxism was observed when compared to patients without this parafuction. (AU)

Objetivo: verificar a frequência de lesões não cariosas nos pacientes com e sem bruxismo do sono e tentar relacionar a ocorrência dessas lesões a esse hábito parafuncional. Material e Métodos: foram avaliados 67 pacientes com idade entre 18 e 70 anos, os quais assinaram um termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Foram excluídos da pesquisa pacientes com doenças neurológicas e/ou endêntulos parciais ou totais. O diagnóstico de bruxismo foi realizado através de um questionário validado que se baseiam na combinação de pelo menos duas constatações positivas de bruxismo. O diagnóstico das lesões cervicais não cariosas (LCNC) foi realizado por um único examinador calibrado, e observadas mediante utilização de sonda clínica n° 5, espelho clínico intraoral e jato de ar, analisando todas as faces de todos dos dentes presentes em boca. Essas foram classificadas em abfração, abrasão ou erosão. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste U de Mann-Whitney para tratamento estatístico com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: sessenta pacientes foram diagnosticados com bruxismo (91,3%) e apenas sete pacientes (8,7%) não possuíam esse hábito parafuncional. Independente do gênero, cinco pacientes (10,1%) possuíam ausência e sessenta e dois pacientes (89,9%) possuíam presença de alguma LCNC. 70% possuíam abfração, 41% abrasão e nenhum paciente apresentou erosão. O teste estatístico obteve um p-valor igual a 0,03; demostrando uma diferença estatisticamente significativa da presença de LCNC entre os grupos. Conclusão: nota-se que houve uma maior frequência de LCNC em pacientes com bruxismo em comparação ao grupo que não apresentou essa parafunção. (AU)

Maxillofacial Trauma Resulting from Physical Violence against Older Adults: A 4-year Study in a Brazilian Forensic Service

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of maxillofacial trauma resulting from physical violence against older adults, describe patterns and identify factors associated with its occurrence. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from the assessment of 7,132 reports of victims of violence who sought a Brazilian Service of Forensic Medicine and Dentistry, during the period from January 2008 to December 2011. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-test square test and Poisson's univariate and multivariate regression (with robust variance) were performed using SPSS software version 20.0. The significance level was set at p <0.05. Results: A total of 259 older adults suffered physical violence. The occurrence of maxillofacial trauma was observed in 42.9% of the sample. Lesions in soft tissue (90.1%) affecting more than one region of the face (40.4%) were the most frequent. The prevalence of maxillofacial trauma was more frequent among individuals older than 66 years (PR = 1.166; 95% CI = 0.865- 1.572), males (PR = 1.119; 95% CI = 0.807-1.550), victims of violence occurred within the community (PR = 1.431; 95% CI = 0.951- 2.153), during the night shift (PR = 1.226; 95% CI = 0.911-1.651) and weekends (PR = 1.279; 95% CI = 0.955-1.714) performed without using blunt instrument (PR = 1.311; 95% CI = 0.932-1.846). Conclusion: The prevalence of maxillofacial trauma resulting from physical violence against older adults was high and soft tissue lesions affecting more than one face region were predominant.

Valoração do dano estético odontológico utilizando três métodos: relato de caso pericial civil / Valuation of dental aesthetic damage using three methods: report of expert civil case

Objetivo: o presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de perícia odontológica civil em queforam empregadas e comparadas três metodologias para valorar o dano estético odontológico associadoàs perdas dentais. Relato de caso: tratou-se de uma perícia civil ajuizada para ressarcimento de danos,realizada no Serviço de Assessoramento Pericial da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba daUniversidade Estadual de Campinas/Brasil. O periciado estava num caminhão que foi atingido por umapedra projetada em direção oposta à sua, pelo trabalho de um trator que se encontrava na beira doacostamento cortando grama, sendo atingindo o vidro do veículo e a face do periciado. Após atendimentono hospital local, nenhum outro tratamento foi realizado desde então. Foram empregados 3 métodos paravaloração do dano estético envolvendo perda dental: 1) dano estético dental, 2) escala de sete graus, e 3)Análise da Impressão e do Impacto do Prejuízo Estético “AIPE”. Conclusão: a utilização de diferentesformas para valorar o dano estético em casos que envolvem desdentados parciais com lesões cicatriciaismostrou a importância do perito odontólogo estar atualizado e ter conhecimento sobre as abordagensexistentes, realizar uma descrição pormenorizada e padronizada das lesões, bem como estar atento paraindicar uma visão completa da pessoa portadora de dano estético à autoridade requisitante com autilização de metodologias adequadas para valorar esse tipo de dano.

Objective: the aim of this paper is to present a case of civil expert examination in dentistry area, in whichthree methods were applied and compared for valuing aesthetic damage associated to tooth loss. Casereport: the case involved a civil expert examination requested for damage compensation, held at theAdvisory Expert Service of the Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas/Brazil. Theexamined patient was wounded on the face when he was in a truck that was hit on the glass by a rock,projected from the opposite direction, by a tractor on the roadside, cutting grass. After care at the localhospital, no treatment was carried out. Three methods were used to evaluate the aesthetic damageinvolving the tooth loss: 1) dental aesthetic damage, 2) seven degrees scale, and 3) Aesthetic Perceptionof Injury Analysis or “AIPE”. Conclusion: the use of different ways to value the aesthetic damage in casesinvolving partial edentulous individuals, with cicatricial lesions showed the importance of the dental experton being updated and having knowledge on existing approaches, on performing detailed and standardizeddescription of the lesions, as well as on being alert to provide a complete vision of the aestheticallydamaged person to the requesting authority, using adequate methodologies to evaluate the injury.

O estabelecimento de nexo causal por meio de perícia odontológica trabalhista implica em indenização ao trabalhador: relato de caso pericial / The establishment of the cause-effect relation through labor dental expertise involves indemnity to the employee: forensic case report

A perícia odontológica trabalhista é uma das áreas de atuação do especialista em odontologia legal e origor na execução do exame pericial nesta área se faz necessário no sentido de analisar o tipo de trauma que atingiu o trabalhador, identificar e valorar os danos corporais e estabelecer o nexo de causalidade, subsidiando o magistrado com os elementos técnicos necessários para a sua decisão. O presente trabalho relata um caso pericial trabalhista relacionado a um trabalhador que utilizava veículos automotores em sua prática laboral, em que ocorreu acidente de trabalho, havendo nexo causal e danos odontológicos, sendo que não houve condenação da empresa reclamada para indenizar seu empregado pelos danos sofridos, uma vez que foi caracterizada culpa exclusiva do trabalhador. Conclui-se que aprova pericial odontológica, mesmo que conclusiva, constitui um dos meios de prova para a apreciação judicial, não implicando, necessariamente, em peça única para configurar eventual procedência em açõesde reparação de danos causados em âmbito trabalhista.

The labor dental expertise is one of the areas of specialist in forensic dentistry, and the rigor in the execution of forensic dental exam in this area to: analyze the type of trauma that hit the worker, identify and value the injury and establish the cause-effect relation, subsidize the magistrate with the technical elements necessary for its decision. This paper reports a labor expert in which case even if there is link between dental damage presented by the employee, resulting from work accident, there was nocondemnation of the defendant company to indemnify its employee for damages, since it was featuredexclusive fault of the worker. We conclude that the dental expert evidence, even if conclusive, is one of theevidence for judicial review, not implying necessarily in one piece to set any precedence in damage repairactions caused in labor sphere.